Bases: CSLBase
An exponential-curvature critical state line (CSL) with breakage effect.
\[
\begin{aligned}
e_c &= e_{ref} \exp(-\lambda (-p/p_{ref})^{\xi}) \\
e_{ref} &= e_{ref0} + (e_{refu} - e_{ref0}) \exp(-\rho \beta)
\end{aligned}
\]
Required material parameters:
eref0: initial reference void ratioerefu: ultimate reference void ratiorho: breakage rateb,nw: parameters to control the shape of the breakage index equationLambda,xi: parameters to control the shape of the critical state linenp,nd: parameters to control the shape of the dynamic peak friction angle and dynamic phase transformation friction anglephi: friction angle
Bases: CSLBase
A logarithmic-curvature critical state line (CSL).
\[
e_c = e_{ref} - \lambda \log(-p/p_{ref})^{\xi}
\]
Required material parameters:
eref: reference void ratiopref: reference pressureLambda: slope of the critical state linenp,nd: parameters to control the shape of the dynamic peak friction angle and dynamic phase transformation friction anglephi: friction angle